| Abstract: |
This study examines the ethical implications of digital surveillance and censorship. The main objective of the study is to assess how these practices affect individual privacy, freedom of expression, and the balance between national security and personal liberties. The study is premised on utilitarianism theory, which evaluates actions based on consequences, aiming to maximize overall societal welfare. The research relied on secondary data from scholarly articles, policy documents, government reports, and publications from international organizations. These sources provided a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and impact of digital surveillance and censorship, particularly their ethical dimensions and practical challenges. Data collection involved a systematic review of literature from academic journals, case studies from credible organizations, and legal documents outlining frameworks for digital surveillance and censorship. The study incorporated perspectives from five key stakeholder groups: media professionals, policymakers, legal experts, civil society representatives, and government officials. The findings revealed critical ethical issues and underscored the need for policies that balance national security objectives with the protection of individual rights. The study concludes that while these practices are essential for national security, their ethical implications must be carefully addressed to maintain societal welfare and uphold human rights. The study recommends implementing robust frameworks that enhance transparency, accountability, and public trust while ensuring that digital surveillance and censorship do not undermine fundamental democratic principles and human rights.
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